Вопросы про древние племена Италии

[Hsimriks]

Пока один. Кто такие были рутулы?
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/comm...ntral_Italy.png
На этой карте автор счёл, что их язык - неизвестной семьи.

 

[andy4675]

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, illustrated by numerous engravings on wood. William Smith, LLD. London. Walton and Maberly, Upper Gower Street and Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row; John Murray, Albemarle Street. 1854:

RU´TULI

Eth. RU´TULI (Eth. Ῥούτουλοι), a people of ancient Italy, who, according to a tradition generally received in later times, were settled at a very early period in a part of Latium, adjoining the sea-coast, their capital city being Ardea. The prominent part that they and their king Turnus bear in the legendary history of Aeneas and the Trojan settlement, especially in the form in which this has been worked up by Virgil, has given great celebrity to their name, but they appear to have been, in fact, even according to these very traditions, a small and unimportant people. Their king Turnus himself is represented as dependent on Latinus; and it is certain that in the historical period Ardea was one of the cities of the Latin League (Dionys. A. R. 5.61), while the name of the Rutuli had become merged in that of the Latin people. Not long before this indeed Livy represents the Rutuli as a still existing people, and the arms of Tarquinius Superbus as directed against them when he proceeded to attack Ardea, just before his expulsion. (Liv. 1.56, 57.) According to this narrative Ardea was not taken, but we learn from much better authority (the treaty between Rome and Carthage preserved by Polybius, 3.22) that it had fallen under the power of the Romans before the close of the monarchy, and it is possible that the extinction of the Rutuli as an independent people may date from this period. The only other mention of the Rutuli which can be called historical is that their name is found in the list given by Cato (ap. Priscian. 4.4. p. 629) of the cities that took part in the foundation of the celebrated temple of Diana at Aricia, a list in all probability founded upon some ancient record; and it is remarkable that they here figure as distinct from the Ardeates. There were some obscure traditions in antiquity that represented Ardea as founded by a colony from Argos [ARDEA], and these are regarded by Niebuhr as tending to prove that the Rutuli were a Pelasgic race. (Nieb. vol. i. p. 44, vol. ii. p. 21.) Schwegler, on the other hand considers them as connected with the Etruscans, and probably a relic of the period when that people had extended their dominion throughout Latium and Campania. This theory finds some support in the name of Turnus, which may probably be connected with Tyrrhenus, as well as in the union which the legend represents as subsisting between Turnus and the Etruscan king Mezentius. (Schwegler, Röm. Gesch. vol. i. pp. 330, 331.) But the whole subject is so mixed up with fable and poetical invention, that it is impossible to feel confidence in any such conjectures.

http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?d...ry%3Drutuli-geo

Мне кажется (не будучи специалистом), насчёт происхождения рутулов - всё сказано здраво. Две основные версии происхождения племени - пеласгическая и этрусская (при том, что данных недостаточно, чтобы что-либо утверждать определённо), а в поздние времена рутулы - достоверно часть латинов.

 

[Кныш]

Две основные версии происхождения племени - пеласгическая и этрусская

Ну с таким же успехом рутулы могли быть и родственниками лигуров, либо скорее быть одним из многочисленных племён италиков:

италийские племена
делились на две крупные ветви: оскско-умбр-
скую, или умбро-оскско-сабелльскую, и лати-
но-фалискскую.
Это следствие двух разных волн расселе-
ния.
В оскско-умбрскую группу входят племена
умбров, осков и сабеллов. Все эти «племе-
на» – на самом деле небольшие народности,
они делятся на более мелкие. Самниты и саби-
ны, судя по всему, результат смешения умбров
и осков. Оски разбиваются на эквов, луканов
и вольсков, сабеллы – на марсов, марруцинов,
френтанов, вестинов.
Фалиско-латинская ветвь объединяла пле-
мена фалисков, латинов, авзонов (или аврун-
ков), энотров и других.
Разобраться в этом изобилии племен труд-
но даже самому узкому специалисту. Тем бо-
лее племена переселялись, воевали, смеши-
вались между собой.
Например, племя рутулов с 334 года до Р.Х.
все время вторгается на территорию самни-
тов и основывает там много колоний.
В 314 году до Р.Х. рутулы покорили племя
аврунков и поделили их землю между своими
колонистами.

Буровский А. М. Древний Рим. 1000-летняя биография.

 

[aeg]

В древности были разные версии происхождения рутулов:

1) от Одиссея и Цирцеи, сын которых Ардей считался основателем Ардеи;

2) от бежавших в Лаций вслед за Данаей жителей Аргоса, которые присоединились к местному царю Пилумну;

3) от царя Давна, отца Турна;

4) от латинов (на основании находок в Ардее, напоминающих такие же из Latium Vetus, членства Ардеи в Латинском союзе, а также вселатинского праздника в Афродисионе в Ардее).

Brill’s New Pauly:

Rutuli

Tribe of southern Latium in the region of Ardea (Str. 5,3,2-5: Ῥούτουλοι/Rhoútouloi; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 1,43,2; 57,2; 59,2: Ῥοτόλοι/Rhotóloi; Ael. NA 11,16: Ῥουτουλοί/Rhoutouloí; Sil. Pun. 8,359: R.) where the Fosso Molo and the Fosso Acquabona flow into the Fosso Incastro, which in turn flows into the sea at Castrum [1] Inui. Its legendary King Turnus, like Aeneas [1], sought the hand of Lavinia, daughter of King Latinus, and fell in single combat (Cato Orig. fragments 9-11; Verg. Aen. 7-12 passim; Liv. 1,2,1-6; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 1,59,2; 1,64,2-4; Ov. Met. 14,449-453; Str. 5,3,2; Origo gentis Romanae 13,6; 14,1; differently Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 1,64,2-4; Origo gentis Romanae 13,6; 14,1; Cato Orig. f. 11; Liv. 1,2,1-3). The name R. is derived from rutilus ('red'): According to [1.], R. (*r(ĕ)udh-ḷḷŏ) means 'the Blondes'.

There were differing views in antiquity about the origin of the R.: a) descendants of Odysseus and Circe, whose son Ardeias was supposed to have founded Ardea (Xen. Ages. FGrH 240 F 29; Steph. Byz. s. v. Ἀρδέα); descendants of refugees from Argos, who came to Latium in the following of Danae (Verg. Aen. 7,371 f.; 409-411; Sil. Pun. 1,658-661; Plin. HN 3,56; Solin. 2,5; Serv. Aen. 7,367; 372) and joined forces with the indigenous King Pilumnus (Verg. Aen. 9,3 f.; 10,76; 10,619); c) descendants of King Daunus [2], the father of Turnus (Vibius Sequester 158 Riese: R., idem Dauni; cf. Lycoph. Alexandra 1254); d) of Latin origin (Verg. Aen. 12, 40), which seems plausible on the basis of the finds from Ardea, which are very similar to those from Latium vetus, and in view of Ardea's membership in the Latin League (Cato Orig. fragment 58; Liv. 32,1,9; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 5,61,3); moreover, a festival of all Latini was celebrated in the Aphrodision at Ardea (Str. 5,3,5).

Liv. 1,57,1 speaks of the R. of the 6th cent. BC as a rich and powerful people, attacked by Tarquinius Superbus (Liv. 1,57-60; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 4,64,1; Eutr. 1,8; Oros. 2,4). In a conflict between Ardea and Aricia, the R. were compelled to cede a portion of their territory to the Romans (Liv. 3,71,1 f.; 72,6 f.; 4,1,4; 7,4-7; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 11,52; 54,2). From the mid-5th cent. BC, they were Rome's ally in the struggle against the Volsci (Liv. 4,9-11 with Licinius Macer HRR fragment 13: foedus Ardeatinum; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 11,62,4; Ardea is already described as allied to Rome in Pol. 3,22,11 in connection with the first treaty between Rome and Carthage). Weakened by attacks of the Volsci, Ardea accepted a Roman colonia in 442 BC (Diod. Sic. 12,34,5; Liv. 4,11). During the Celtic assault of 387/6 BC, Ardea stood on the side of Rome (Liv. 5,43,6-45,3; Val. Max. 4,1,2; Plut. Camillus 23,4). Attacks by the Samnites (Str. 5,4,11) in the 3rd/2nd cents. BC led to a general decline. The proposition that the R. participated in the founding of Saguntum (Liv. 21,7,1 f.; Sil. Pun. 1,291-293) seems to lack historical foundation.

Bibliography

1 G. Devoto, Gli antichi italici, 41967.
R. Philipp, s. v. R. (2), RE 1 A, 1282 f.
F. Della Corte, La mappa dell'Eneide, 1985
BTCGI 3, 278-292 (Ardea).

 

[Sextus Pompey]

To: aeg

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[Vir]

Исследователи из Института изучения истории человека Общества Макса Планка, Гарвардского, Копенгагенского, Сиенского и Флорентийского университетов проанализировали геномы 82 людей, найденных в 12 археологических памятниках Центральной и Южной Италии, которые жили с 800 года до нашей эры по 1000 год. Им не удалось обнаружить следы миграции из Анатолии. Выяснилось, что во многом геном этрусков оказался схож с генетическим профилем основавших Рим латинов: большинство их предков пришли из степей Причерноморья и Прикаспия в Бронзовом веке.

https://lenta.ru/news/2021/09/25/etrusskie_vpered/