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Принцепс сената
Новый Паули утверждает, будто Колхида примерно с 200 г.до н.э. не была самостоятельным царством, а только частью Понтийского царства:
Colchis
Article Table Of Contents
I. Historical overview from early times
II. The Byzantine era
(Κολχίς; Kolchís, Lat. Colchis).
I. Historical overview from early times
Area of the east coast of the Black Sea ( Pontos Euxeinos) stretching as far as western Transcaucasia, bordered to the north by the Great Caucasus and by Meskheti to the south. The favourable climatic and soil conditions (fertile river valleys, forests and a proliferation of natural resources) meant that advanced civilizations emerged in C. as early as the 3rd millennium BC. Kulcha is mentioned in Urartian documents together with the capital city Ildamuša (which flourished in the 8th cent. BC). Kulcha was probably destroyed at the end of the 8th cent. BC by the Cimmerii. Shortly after this a new alliance of the Western Cartvelian tribes was formed and a new state was also founded to the north of the Č̣orochi estuary in the area today known as Western Georgia (Hdt. 4,37; Str. 11,2,15-17; Xen. An. 5,6,37). There was a King Saulaces here, according to Plin. HN 33,52; the kingdom was divided into militarily administered units (‘Skeptouchiai’). On account of the high population density and the political consolidation in C., the Greeks were only able to found a few, insignificant colonies ( Phasis, Dioscurias, Gyenus). In the group of Greek myths about the Argonauts, C. is the gold-rich country of King Aeetes (the son of Helios) and Medea. This was how it was remembered in the ancient world. Under the Achaemenids, C. was partially situated in the 13th and 14th satrapies (Hdt. 3,97; 7,79). Trade flourished in the Hellenistic era (metal objects, linen, hemp and wax), particularly with the southern Pontic colonies. In around 200 BC, C. was assimilated into the Pontic kingdom (Str. 12,3,1; 28) and shared the same fate as the rest of that kingdom ( Pontus).
Lazes
von Bredow, Iris (Bietigheim-Bissingen)
Bibliography
o. lordkipanidse, Das alte K. und seine Beziehungen zur griech. Welt, 1985
s. saprykin, Pontijskoe carstvo, 1996, 160-166.
II. The Byzantine era
Following the fall of the old kingdom, new ethnopolitical groups formed in C., one of which was that of the (West Georgian) Lazes, who considered themselves to be the descendants of the Colchians. This group gradually gained in influence from the 4th cent. AD onwards and increased their territorium (Lazikḗ, Λαζική). Under Iustinianus I the previously insignificant coastal city of Petra Iustiniana became the central point of the Byzantine rulership.
Georgia, Georgians; Iberia [1]
Savvidis, Kyriakos (Bochum)
Bibliography
h. brakmann, o. lordkipanidse, s.v. Iberia II (Georgia), RAC 17, 70ff.